Earth and Our Place in It: Climate Change and Passive Voice in All Tenses

Экологическая трансформация планеты:

- **Global warming & Greenhouse effect** — повышение средней температуры атмосферы из-за выбросов углекислого газа ($CO_2$).

- **Decarbonization strategy** — цель Казахстана по достижению углеродной нейтральности к 2060 году.

- **Renewable Energy Sources (RES)**:

- *Wind power*: Ereymentau wind farm generating clean electricity in the windy Akmola steppe.

- *Solar power*: Kapchagay and Burnoye solar power plants in southern Kazakhstan.

- *Hydroelectric power*: Shulbinsk and Bukhtarma hydro plants on the Irtysh River.

Сводная таблица пассивного залога:

| Время | Формула пассива | Пример |

|:---|:---|:---|

| **Present Simple** | $am/is/are + V_3$ | *Solar energy **is used** in southern regions.* |

| **Past Simple** | $was/were + V_3$ | *The wind farm **was built** in 2021.* |

| **Present Perfect** | $have/has\ been + V_3$ | *Hundreds of trees **have been planted** this month.* |

| **Future Simple** | $will\ be + V_3$ | *More solar plants **will be constructed** by 2030.* |

| **Modals** | $modal + be + V_3$ | *Plastic waste **must be recycled** properly.* |

Примеры преобразования:

- Past Simple:

- *Engineers built a wind park in Ereymentau.* $\rightarrow$ *A wind park **was built** in Ereymentau.*

- Present Perfect:

- *Kazakhstan has launched several eco-programs.* $\rightarrow$ *Several eco-programs **have been launched** by Kazakhstan.*

- Future Simple:

- *The government will introduce new green laws.* $\rightarrow$ *New green laws **will be introduced**.*

Успешный пример экологического возрождения:

- The Kokaral Dam (Кокаральская плотина) built in 2005 helped raise water levels in the Northern (Small) Aral Sea.

- Salinity dropped, fish species returned, and the fishing port of Aralsk revived.